Theodore Beza
23:1 Now these [be] the {a} last words of David. David the son of Jesse said, and the man [who was] raised up on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet psalmist of Israel, said,
(a) Which he spoke after he had written the psalms.
23:2 The Spirit of the LORD spake by me, and his word [was] in my {b} tongue.
(b) Meaning, he spoke nothing but by the motion of God’s Spirit.
23:4 And [he shall be] as the light of the morning, [when] the sun riseth, [even] a morning without clouds; [as] the tender {c} grass [springing] out of the earth by clear shining after rain.
(c) Which grows quickly, and fades soon.
23:5 Although my house [be] not so with God; yet he hath made with me an everlasting covenant, ordered in all [things], and sure: for [this is] all my salvation, and all [my] desire, although he make [it] not to {d} grow.
(d) But that my kingdom may continue for ever according to his promise.
23:8 These [be] the names of the mighty men whom David had: The Tachmonite that sat in the {e} seat, chief among the captains; the same [was] Adino the Eznite: [he lift up his spear] against eight hundred, whom he slew at one time.
(e) As one of the king’s counsel.
23:9 And after him [was] Eleazar the son of Dodo the Ahohite, [one] of the three mighty men with David, when they defied the Philistines [that] were there gathered together to battle, and the men of Israel were {f} gone away:
(f) Meaning, fled from the battle.
23:10 He arose, and smote the Philistines until his hand was weary, and his {g} hand clave unto the sword: and the LORD wrought a great victory that day; and the people returned after him only to spoil.
(g) By a cramp which came from weariness and fighting.
23:12 But he stood in the midst of the ground, and defended it, and slew the Philistines: and the LORD wrought a {h} great victory.
(h) Which has no respect for many or few, when he will show his power.
23:15 And David {i} longed, and said, Oh that one would give me drink of the water of the well of Bethlehem, which [is] by the gate!
(i) Being overcome with weariness and thirst.
23:16 And the three mighty men brake through the host of the Philistines, and drew water out of the well of Bethlehem, that [was] by the gate, and took [it], and brought [it] to David: nevertheless he would not drink thereof, but {k} poured it out unto the LORD.
(k) Bridling his affection, and also desiring God not to be offended for that rash enterprise.
23:21 And he slew an Egyptian, a goodly man: and the Egyptian had a {l} spear in his hand; but he went down to him with a staff, and plucked the spear out of the Egyptian’s hand, and slew him with his own spear.
(l) Which was as big as a weavers beam, 1 Chronicles 11:23.
23:23 He was more honourable than the {m} thirty, but he attained not to the [first] three. And David set him over his guard.
(m) He was more valiant than the thirty that follow and not so valiant as the six before.
23:27 Abiezer the Anethothite, {n} Mebunnai the Hushathite,
(n) Some of these had two names, 1 Chronicles 11:29 and also many more are mentioned there.
23:39 Uriah the Hittite: {o} thirty and seven in all.
(o) These came to David, and helped restore him to his kingdom.